Researchers Will Try Breeding Papilio Moths from Ova Cryopreserved in Liquid Nitrogen

Scientists are set to attempt to rear swallowtail butterflies from eggs that have been cryopreserved in liquid nitrogen, in a test to see if cryopreservation could support the preservation of the UK's biggest indigenous butterfly.

In a groundbreaking project, experts will preserve embryos of farm-raised European swallowtails in nitrogen at ultra-low temperatures and then attempt to rear adults from the unfrozen eggs, comparing their success with individuals bred from eggs that have never been frozen.

Should this approach work, it could result in eggs of the British swallowtail being banked to support long-term conservation strategies, such as breeding programmes and translocation efforts.

The Plight of the British Swallowtail

Papilio machaon britannicus is a unique subspecies but its habitat is shrinking and it is vulnerable to extinction, confined to low-lying parts of the East Anglian wetlands likely to be overwhelmed by rising seas over the next century. In 2024, it experienced its most challenging season since scientific records began.

Collaborative Efforts in Cryopreservation Research

Freezing techniques for Lepidoptera is being tested by researchers from a university in collaboration with a wildlife park and a non-profit focused on conservation cryopreservation.

“This initiative will integrate outdoor studies and lab research to determine whether we can establish a effective technique for preserving the British swallowtail’s genetic material by using its similar, but less endangered, continental relative. Cryopreservation is a valuable method for aiding preservation work, but we believe this is the first time it has been attempted with butterflies.”

An conservation expert stated: “Dedication to the science of entomology, and especially butterfly conservation, means this endeavor is a ideal match for us. Partnering with research institutions and non-profits allows us to apply our expertise to work that could have a significant impact in safeguarding the British swallowtail for generations to come.”

“This project holds significant importance for the advancement of cryopreservation techniques – not only for the British swallowtail, but across bees and butterflies and insects as a whole.”

Future Implications

If successful, this technique could set the stage for similar applications in conserving other endangered species and strengthening global biodiversity.